Statement

As political power splintered across the Holy Roman Empire, by the end of the eleventh century it was local rulers, not the central imperial authorities, who granted Jews privileges, took responsibility for protecting them and were free to withdraw those privileges whenever convenient.

References

1. p. 188

   supports · main text · ch. 7

   Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman. The Jews: A History. 3rd edition. New York and Abingdon: Routledge, 2019.

   Verification anchor recorded · checked against the page text

2. p. 188

   supports · main text · ch. 7

   Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman. The Jews: A History. 3rd edition. New York and Abingdon: Routledge, 2019.

   Verification anchor recorded · checked against the page text