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ZAKHORIUM
PTEN

Date

1935CE

1935–1936

In September 1935 the Reich stripped Jews of citizenship and forbade sexual contact with Germans.

Antisemitism and persecutionPolitical history49.4500°N 11.0800°E
1950
The Holocaust: each bar is an event of the period; this one is in coral.

Sourced narrative

Each block is a verifiable statement. The number opens the cited page; amber or coral blocks flag tradition or contested interpretation.

5 statements

01Evidence and context

01

The Nuremberg Laws of September 1935 revoked German citizenship for Jews and for people deemed racially Jewish.

02

The statutes barred marriage and any sexual relations of Jews with Germans, under the obsession called race defilement.

03

London's Times described those statutes as a cold pogrom.

04

At the 1936 Berlin Olympics, anti-Jewish signs came down so as not to offend visitors, without easing discrimination.

05

By 1934 at least a fifth of German Jewry had lost its livelihood.

Context

03

London's Times described those statutes as a cold pogrom.

04

At the 1936 Berlin Olympics, anti-Jewish signs came down so as not to offend visitors, without easing discrimination.

05

By 1934 at least a fifth of German Jewry had lost its livelihood.

§ 01Geography

Where it happened

Gazetteer coordinates (Pleiades for ancient places; Natural Earth and Wikidata for modern ones) over modern physical geography (Natural Earth). Coastlines and the Dead Sea have changed since antiquity.
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§ 02Museum

Objects and images

Each item states whether it is an ancient object, a modern photograph or a later artistic interpretation.

§ 04Network

Connections

    § 05Bibliography

    Further reading

    • Saul Friedlander, Nazi Germany and the Jews: The Years of Persecution, 1933-1939 (New York: Harper Collins, 1997).

      The years of persecution · recommended in Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 457

    § 06Apparatus

    Sources on this page

    1. 01Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 424inspect
    2. 02Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 424inspect
    3. 03Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 424inspect
    4. 04Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 424inspect
    5. 05Efron, Lehmann and Weitzman, p. 424inspect
    • Documented evidenceAttested by contemporary evidence: texts, inscriptions, coins, papyri or archaeology.
    • Scholarly reconstructionHistorians' inference from indirect evidence.
    • Tradition or narrativeA literary, traditional or religious account; significant in itself, but not independently verified.
    • Contested interpretationScholars explicitly disagree; see the positions in the debate.
    • Illustrative reconstructionA hypothesis or visual scheme to guide reading; not a historical claim.